Heartcare Sydney — Echo Reference
Echocardiography Reference Tools
Reference tables, severity grading criteria, diagnostic algorithms, and clinical calculators for transthoracic echocardiography. Based on current ASE, EACVI, and ESC/ERS guidelines.
Chamber Quantification
Normal values, indexed dimensions, and severity grading for cardiac chambers and the aorta.
Aortic Dimensions
Normal aortic root and ascending aorta. BSA & height-indexed values by sex. SoV severity grading and ULN nomogram equations by age.
Left Atrial Size & Function
LAV, LAVI, and reservoir strain reference values with severity grading by sex.
Right Atrial Size
RA area and indexed volume severity grading by 2D method of discs and 3D.
LV Dimensions & Mass
Indexed LV dimensions, wall thickness, and LV mass index grading by linear and 2D methods.
LV Volumes & Ejection Fraction
Indexed LV volumes by Simpson's, 3D, and contrast. EF grading and GLS reference values.
LV Segmental Analysis
17-segment model with coronary artery territory mapping by standard echo views.
Diastolic Function & Haemodynamics
LV and RV diastolic assessment, filling pressure estimation, right atrial pressure, and pulmonary haemodynamics.
LV Diastolic Function
2025 ASE diastolic grading and LAP estimation. Algorithms for AF, MAC, PH, HTx, and special populations.
RV Size & Function
RV dimensions, qualitative grading, RVOT, systolic parameters (TAPSE, S', FAC, strain), and diastolic function.
RAP Estimation
IVC diameter and collapsibility algorithm with secondary indices and ventilator considerations.
Pulmonary Haemodynamics
TR Vmax, RVSP, RVOTAcT grading. ePLAR, ESC/ERS PH probability algorithm, and haemodynamic definitions.
Valve Stenosis
Severity grading criteria and diagnostic algorithms for native valvular stenosis.
Aortic Stenosis
Severity grading by Vmax, gradient, AVA, DSI. Integrated stepwise algorithm including low-flow scenarios.
Mitral Stenosis
Severity grading by gradient, MVA, PHT. Wilkins and Padial scoring for commissurotomy suitability.
Tricuspid & Pulmonary Stenosis
TS and PS severity grading. PASP estimation with RVOT obstruction.
Valve Regurgitation
Qualitative and quantitative severity grading with integrated diagnostic algorithms for native valvular regurgitation.
Mitral Regurgitation
Qualitative + 4-grade quantitative parameters. ASE integration algorithm and Carpentier classification.
Aortic Regurgitation
Qualitative + 4-grade quantitative parameters. PHT, vena contracta, flow reversal, and ASE integration algorithm.
Tricuspid & Pulmonary Regurgitation
TR and PR qualitative + quantitative grading with integration algorithms for both.
Prosthetic Valves
Doppler parameters, prosthesis–patient mismatch, dysfunction algorithms, and paravalvular leak assessment.