Cases

In high-risk patients, a low or even a score of zero is not a reliable tool to rule out coronary artery disease and can be misleading. Here are two examples of severe coronary artery disease despite having a coronary calcium… Read More »Severe coronary artery disease despite a calcium score of zero

The main pathologies causing unilateral swollen legs are venous stasis (like Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) or venous insufficiency), lymphedema, malignancy, trauma and infections (like cellulitis). Unilateral swelling of the lower extremities should be categorized as Acute vs Chronic to facilitate… Read More »Unilateral leg swelling: Post-Thrombotic Syndrome vs Lymphedema

A 55-year-old man was referred with severe shortness of breath and dyspnea on exertion. He had multiple Hospital presentations in the prior year with episodes of Acute Pulmonary Edema. He was in NYHA class III. On presentation, BP was 98/60… Read More »Effects of Heart Failure Optimal Medical Therapy (OMT) and CRT on Functional Mitral Valve Regurgitation